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GENERAL HANDBOOK OF INSTRUCTIONS, 1921 (#13).
1921: Calling and ordination of bishops and counselors.
“Bishops are ordained by the members of the First Presidency, or under their direction. However, in choosing a Bishop, it is the duty of the Stake Presidency to make recommendation to the First Presidency, to receive the latter’s approval, and then notify the man so chosen. All such recommendations should first be submitted to the Stake High Council before being sent to the First Presidency.
When practicable, Bishops’ Counselors should also be chosen and submitted for approval in the same manner as Bishops. However, it frequently happens that between the meeting with the proposed Bishop and the date set for the organization of the Bishopric, there is insufficient time to submit the names of the counselors to the First Presidency. In such cases the Apostle appointed to the quarterly conference is fully authorized to act for the First Presidency.” (Instructions to Bishops and Counselors, Stake and Ward Clerks, No. 13, 1921, pp. 9-10)
Bishoprics to greet congregations as they enter.
“A very pleasing custom has been adopted in many of the large wards–that of the Bishopric personally greeting the Saints as they enter the meeting-house on the Sabbath day. This practice creates a good impression and enables the Bishopric to become better acquainted with those who reside in the ward.” (Instructions to Bishops and Counselors, Stake and Ward Clerks, No. 13, 1921, p. 10)
Annual house to house visits.
“As often as convenient, and especially during the months of November and December, the Bishopric should visit each family in the ward. The purpose of these visits is to make the Bishopric better acquainted with the people in their home life, to encourage and instruct them concerning their religious duties, and to give such counsel and advice as may be necessary. The influence of the Bishopric should be such that their personal counsel in the homes of the Saints will be productive of much good, both to children and adults. During these visits, the Bishopric will have an excellent opportunity to instruct and encourage the Saints concerning private and family prayers, the observance of the law of tithing, loyalty to the priesthood, attendance at Sacrament and priesthood class meetings, the observance of the Sabbath day and the necessity of every member of the ward participating in the active social or community work of the ward. These visits will also give the Bishopric an opportunity to announce throughout the ward the time and place for the annual tithing settlement.” (Instructions to Bishops and Counselors, Stake and Ward Clerks, No. 13, 1921, pp. 11-12)
Separate class for adult non-MP suggested.
“When persons have grown to manhood without having been advanced in the priesthood, they should be permitted to meet with one of the quorums of the Melchizedek Priesthood and thus be encouraged to attend the priesthood meetings, until such time as their good works justify their advancement; or they may be grouped into a separate class or quorum and placed in charge of a capable instructor.” (Instructions to Bishops and Counselors, Stake and Ward Clerks, No. 13, 1921, p. 13)
Bishops’ counselors to preside over Teachers and Deacons.
“The Bishop is to preside over the Priests, and sit with them in council and teach them their duties. Another member of the Bishopric should take charge of the Teachers, supervise and direct their labors and activities, and the other counselor should take charge of the Deacons in the same manner. Thus, the three grades of the Aaronic Priesthood are brought under the direct supervision and control of the Bishopric of the Ward.” (Instructions to Bishops and Counselors, Stake and Ward Clerks, No. 13, 1921, p. 13)
Ordinations to the Aaronic Priesthood.
“When a person is selected for ordination to an office in the Aaronic Priesthood, he should be interviewed by the Bishopric, his personal habits inquired into and the candidate should be told what will be expected of him before he can receive the priesthood. No one should be ordained to an office in the priesthood who does not understand fully the duties and responsibilities of the office. When the Bishopric are satisfied that the candidate is prepared to receive the priesthood, his name should be submitted to the congregation of the Saints for approval, and the ordination should take place before the body of the Saints at some stated period, preferably once a month. The following are some of the duties that can be performed in the ward by those holding the Aaronic Priesthood.
PRIEST’S DUTIES.
To hold cottage meetings, to be ward teacher, to be missionary in the ward, to be a Sunday School officer or teacher, to be Mutual Improvement Association officer or teacher, to be Scripture reader at meetings, to be a messenger for the Bishop, to help Bishopric with wayward boys, to perform ordinance of baptism, to administer Sacrament, to pass Sacrament, to be usher, to be ward chorister, to visit homes of Saints, to teach prayer, to assist the Elder, to supervise collection of Fast Offerings, to help Bishop with tithes, to attend Sacrament meetings, to care for meeting-house grounds, to aid in local amusements, to collect ward funds, to renovate and repair the meeting-house, and to visit quorum members.
TEACHER’S DUTIES.
To assist in ward teaching, to be an officer in the Sunday School, to be an officer in the Mutual Improvement Association, to notify members of meetings, to be a messenger for the Bishop, to pass the Sacrament, to assist ushers, to be choir member, to be door attendant, to collect Fast Offerings, to visit and aid the poor, to attend Sacrament meetings, to visit and aid the poor, to attend Sacrament meetings, to care for meeting-house grounds, to assist the social or amusement committee, to collect ward funds, to prepare the meeting-house, etc., and visit quorum members.
DEACON’S DUTIES.
Assist in Primary Association, assist in Religion Class, notify members of meetings, be messenger for Bishop, pass Sacrament, assist ushers, be choir member, be door attendant, collect Fast Offerings, provide fuel for widows, attend Sacrament meetings, assist amusement or social committee, prepare meeting-house, etc., and visit quorum members.”
(Instructions to Bishops and Counselors, Stake and Ward Clerks, No. 13, 1921, pp. 13-15)
Weekly priesthood meetings.
“In every ward and branch a priesthood meeting should be held on Sunday morning, or at such other time as may be designated by the Stake Presidency. Every person in the ward holding the priesthood, should be enrolled. The Bishop will preside at the weekly priesthood meeting. All should meet in a general assembly for the opening exercises; during this meeting, brief and timely instructions may be given; then the members should adjourn to their class rooms and proceed with their regular lesson.” (Instructions to Bishops and Counselors, Stake and Ward Clerks, No. 13, 1921, p. 15)
Ward teachers to notify members of tithing settlement.
“The Bishopric in their personal calls, and the ward teachers by visitation, should notify the Saints in their homes as to the time and place of the settlement.” (Instructions to Bishops and Counselors, Stake and Ward Clerks, No. 13, 1921, p. 21) [This differs from the 1913 General Handbook, which assigned the task of notification to the AP teachers.]
AP to be encouraged to have tithing settlement.
“The Bishopric should make a special effort to encourage the attendance of the younger members of the ward at the tithing settlement, especially those who have started to work, even though their earnings are small. The members of the Aaronic Priesthood should have the personal attention of the Bishopric, and they should be encouraged to observe the law of tithing.” (Instructions to Bishops and Counselors, Stake and Ward Clerks, No. 13, 1921, pp. 21-22)
Care of the Poor.
“The Bishop of each ward should be personally acquainted with the conditions of the poor in his ward and the Relief Society should cooperate with the Bishop and act under his direction in caring for them.
The Bishop should use his influence to secure opportunities for persons to obtain a livelihood in his ward; to provide homes for newcomers; in fact, to help members to become self-supporting. The care and relief of the poor is not so much a question of giving charities to assist them as it is to help them to become self-supporting. This labor should be done on a well-defined plan, outlined by the Bishopric of the ward and in consultation with the Relief Society officers. Each individual case should be treated according to its necessities.
The agencies to labor in the ward as aids to the Bishopric are the ward teachers, Relief Society Presidency and the Relief Society visiting teachers [NOTE NO REFERENCE TO THE QUORUMS.] The ward teachers should promptly notify the Bishop of any case of sickness, distress or needs that they may discover while visiting the Saints. The Bishop will see that proper relief is given.
The Bishopric should invite the Relief Society officers to meet with them monthly, or oftener if necessary, to consider general relief work, and to discuss plans for looking after the poor, the sick, and those in distress.
There is in operation in the States of Utah, Arizona, and Nevada, a law known as the Widow’s Pension Law, which authorizes the Probate Judge or County Commissioners to provide allowances for widows having dependent children. Where there are widows with dependent children, the Bishop should take the necessary steps to see that they obtain the benefits of this law.
The ward Relief Society will labor under the direction of the Bishop and will be his chief aid in caring for the poor and unfortunate. The Relief Society teachers should visit every family once a month, or oftener if necessary, and report immediately to the President of the Society cases of need, poverty, distress or sickness. [NOTE THAT THIS APPARENTLY INCLUDED FAMILIES WITH NO ADULT WOMEN, COMPARED TO TODAY’S VISITING TEACHING PROGRAM.] The President, under the direction of the Bishop will see that relief is promptly given.
In large centers of population there may be some advantage in cooperating with local charity organizations for the purpose of preventing the duplication of charity work, but no organized affiliation of any kind whatever should be effected without permission first being obtained from the Presiding Church Authorities.
When charitable help is given regularly, records of the same may be kept, providing the Bishopric of the ward so desires. Where temporary aid or charity is rendered, the present form of records will be sufficient.
Funds for charity purposes should be derived from the Fast Offerings, the Relief Society Poor Fund, private benevolences, and when conditions render it necessary, from the tithing funds.
All charity funds should be disbursed under the direction of the Bishopric; funds collected by the Relief Society may be disbursed by the Relief Society officers for emergency and other purposes, and reported to the Bishop.
The practice of making drives or public collections for our poor should not be followed in Latter-day Saint communities, except when specifically directed by the First Presidency.
Immediate attention should be given to each case of need. Publicity should be avoided in dealing with the poor. Confidences of those in distress should be held involate, and the use of names should be avoided, unless absolutely necessary.
The work of the Relief Society is not merely in disbursing means in a charitable way, but the very important part of their work is visiting the sick, comforting the poor and those who are in distress, praying with them and administering such spiritual comfort as the Gospel of Jesus Christ alone provides.” (Instructions to Bishops and Counselors, Stake and Ward Clerks, No. 13, 1921, pp. 25-28)
Monthly ward teachers’ meeting.
“A meeting of the Bishopric of the Ward and the acting teachers [NOTE THAT THE 1913 GENERAL HANDBOOK SPECIFIED ONLY TEACHERS, NOT “ACTING TEACHERS”] should be held once a month at such time as will enable the Bishopric to make a report to the Stake Presidency immediately after the last Sunday in the month. At this meeting the teachers will report the families visited, the arrival and departure of members, births, marriages, and deaths. Every family should be visited once every month. In order to do this properly and effectively, an active member of the priesthood should be selected to take charge of each district and he should be accompanied by a Priest or Teacher. The Bishopric should give instructions to the teachers concerning the subjects to be presented to the Saints. All those called to labor as acting teachers should attend the Teacher Training Class in the ward.” (Instructions to Bishops and Counselors, Stake and Ward Clerks, No. 13, 1921, p. 28)
Ward missionaries.
“In every ward there are faithful, energetic young men who have returned from the mission field, full of zeal for the Cause of God. They should be appointed, under the direction of the Bishop, to labor personally with the indifferent and neglectful, just as if they were in the mission field. They should discuss and explain the Plan of Salvation, leaving tracts and pamphlets, until they finally succeed in creating an interest in the Gospel. The missionaries should attend the Ward Teachers’ Monthly Report Meetings, give reports like others, and have the ward teachers report difficult cases for them to visit.” (Instructions to Bishops and Counselors, Stake and Ward Clerks, No. 13, 1921, pp. 28-29)
Missionary farewells and homecomings.
“When persons are sent out on missions, it is a pleasing custom to hold a ward entertainment for them. This is a general practice. When they come back, having completed a noble mission, it would be a deserved mark of respect to give them a public reception to show our joy at their return, and let them know their coming home is as greatly appreciated as their going away.” (Instructions to Bishops and Counselors, Stake and Ward Clerks, No. 13, 1921, p. 29)
Concerning transgressions and transgressors.
“WHEN RECORDS SHOULD BE MADE.
No records should be made of minor transgressions of young people, nor cases of the same character of a strictly private nature, considered by a Bishop or a Bishopric. But a record should be made of cases of fornication or adultery tried in the regular way by a Bishop’s Court.
Where there is gossip in a community concerning alleged transgression, the ward teachers should make inquiry, and if they are satisfied that transgression does exist, it should be reported to the Bishop. It then becomes the duty of the Bishop to make further investigation and to act accordingly.
Confessions should be left to the Bishopric of the Ward in which the wrong-doing occurs. Each case should be considered by them on its own merits, and disposed of according to the publicity already given it. Where persons guilty of adultery or fornication confess their sin, and their transgression is known to themselves only, the confession to the Bishopric should not be made public nor recorded. But where publicity has been given to it, the confession should be made before the priesthood of the ward at the regular weekly priesthood meeting. In the case of women, their confession may be made to the Bishopric of the ward, and the Bishopric may make such explanations to the priesthood as they may consider necessary. The object of this restriction is to confine the confession as much as possible to the circle acquainted with wrong-doings and to avoid spreading the knowledge of sin, in accordance with the revelation contained in the Doctrine and Covenants, Section 42:89, which says that such things ‘shall be done in a meeting, and that not before the world.’
TRANSGRESSORS LEAVING WARD.
If alleged transgressors are about to leave the ward, investigation and action on their case should be taken before they leave, if possible. When a person in transgression leaves the ward before action has been taken, the certificate of membership should be withheld until the transgressor has made restitution or action has been taken regarding the case, and report of the facts sent to the Presiding Bishopric.
REPORT OF EXCOMMUNICATION.
When persons have been excommunicated by the High Council of a stake, or by the Bishop, the Stake Clerk should immediately notify the Presiding Bishopric, so that the information may be entered on the records of that office. Persons who have been excommunicated should not be re-baptized until permission is first obtained from the Stake Presidency and High Council, or from the Bishopric of the Ward who acted on the case.
WITHDRAWING MEMBERSHIP.
If a certificate of membership is received for a person who is leaving a ward, who expressed a desire not to become a member of the ward, nor to be considered a member of the Church, and requests that his name be stricken from the records, such person should be summoned to appear before the Bishopric, and if he persists in his desire to have his membership canceled, action should be taken accordingly. [Compare with the looser rules of 1913.]” (Instructions to Bishops and Counselors, Stake and Ward Clerks, No. 13, 1921, p
(Instructions to Bishops and Counselors, Stake and Ward Clerks, No. 13, 1921, pp. 41-43)
The Bishop’s Court.
“Note.–The subject-matter under this heading, pages 43 to 54, inclusive, is taken by permission from the manuscript of a forth-coming book on ‘Priesthood,’ to be published by the Church, and now being written by Elder James E. Talmage, of the Council of the Twelve.
Bishops are designated by revelation as common judges among the people–see D&C 107:71-75. The Bishop of a ward and his two counselors constitute the Bishop’s Court for that ward, with jurisdiction confined thereto.
In all cases of personal difference or grievance arising between members of any ward, the ward techers, who officiate under the direction of the Bishopric, should exercise their brotherly ministrations in trying to bring about a reconciliation between the parties. If such efforts are not effective, the teachers should promptly report the matter to the Bishopric.
In all cases of transgression, violation of the laws and order of the Church, immorality, or iniquity in any form, the teachers should make report thereof to the Bishopric as soon as they learn of the existing evil.
If information or evidence of alleged wrongdoing within the ward comes to the knowledge of the Bishopric, otherwise than by report of the teachers, the Bishopric should instruct the teachers or other men invested with the Melchizedek Priesthood, two or more in every case, to investigate the matter and report their results.
Whenever, in the opinion of the Bishopric, a formal hearing or investigation is necessary or advisable, or when a written complaint alleging sufficient cause for action has been made to the Bishopric by a member against another, the Bishopric should summon the accused party or parties to appear before them, definitely specifying time and place of the sitting of the Bishop’s Court, and should so notify all persons concerned.
The Complaint.–Accusation by one member against another is to be made in writing, and must contain all essentials of the charge, so that the accused may be definitely informed as to what allegations he is to answer. It may be that the accuser is not conversant with the usual type of complaint, and he may present his accusations in the form of a letter; and such letter may be accepted by the Bishopric as the complaint in the case, provided it definitely sets forth the charges. A convenient complaint follows.
. . . .
When a written complaint reaches the Bishopric, they should have made a copy, or copies, for delivery to the accused person or persons in the case; but the original complaint must be retained by the Bishopric.
The Summons.–As soon as possible after the receipt of the complaint, the Bishopric should determine as to suitable time and place for the trial, and issue a summons to the accused; and this, together with a copy of the complaint, is to be delivered to the accused by two of the teachers or other competent men duly appointed by the Bishopric. Two copies of the summons should be prepared for each person to be summoned, one of which copies is to be left with the person served therewith, and the other copy is to be returned to the Bishopric with certification of service.
A suggestive and convenient form of summons follows.
. . . .
The Trial.–The Bishop and his counselors sit as a trial court. When, through disability, one or both of the counselors are unable to attend, or are disqualified, the Bishop may appoint one or two High Priests to sit with him as members of the Bishop’s Court for the hearing of the particular case at issue; but the names of such specially appointed High Priests must first be submitted to, and be approved by, the Stake Presidency.
The proceedings should be opened and closed with prayer. The court should decide and announce, before the hearing is begun, whether witnesses, other than the signer or signers of the complaint, shall be allowed to be present throughout the proceedings, or be brought in one by one as their testimony is called for. Any ruling on this point must apply equally to witnesses on both sides. The order of procedure outlined below should be followed in the trial.
A full record of all proceedings, including the essential parts of the testimony given by each witness, must be made by the Ward Clerk, or other person or persons appointed by the court to act as clerk or clerks at the trial.
The complaint is read by the clerk or by one of the court, and the service of complaint and summons is announced. The accused is called upon to make answer. If the answer be an acknowledgement of guilt, the court may inquire as to the facts, and will then, or later, render a decision. If the accused denies the charges, the trial is to proceed. The accuser first testifies, or makes a statement of his case, and then the court calls upon his witnesses, one by one to testify. Cross-examination of the accuser and other witnesses may be made by the accused. The court will rule on any question as to the advisability of evidence, or the like, and must maintain orderly procedure, with due regard to the rights of both parties.
When all the evidence on the part of the accuser has been heard and recorded, the accused may testify in his own behalf, and the court will call his witnesses, one by one, to testify. The court may question any witness both on direct and cross-examination.
The Decision.–After all testimony has been heard and recorded, the three members of the court may consult among themselves and formulate their decision; or, if the court desire further time for consideration, the case may be taken under advisement and the session be adjourned to a fixed date. The decision is announced by the Bishop; and if it be concurred in by his counselors, or by one of them, it stands as the decision of the Bishop’s Court; but a conclusion of the counselors, in which the Bishop does not concur, is not a decision of the Bishop’s Court. In such an instance the case must be retried or be referred to the Stake Presidency, who will determine as to further procedure.
A written copy of the decision, signed by the Bishop, is to be furnished each of the parties to the case as soon as possible after the decision is rendered.
The Penalty.–The decision may specify compliances, or acts of restitution required of the guilty party, neglect of which will bring into operation certain penalties; or, the penalty may be imposed unconditionally. The extreme penalties within the power of the Bishop’s Court to inflict are disfellowshipment and excommunication from the Church. A member ordained to office in the Aaronic Priesthood only, or one not holding the priesthood at all, may be excommunicated from the Church by action of the Bishop’s Court; but in the case of one holding the Higher, or Melchizedek Priesthood, the Bishop’s Court may disfellowship but cannot excommunicate.
When a holder of the Melchizedek Priesthood is so disfellowshiped, it is the duty of the Bishopric to make prompt report of the case to the Stake Presidency, who will bring it before the High Council. A transcript of the evidence heard in the Bishop’s Court should be prepared without delay, for presentation to the High Council.
A disfellowshiped person is not to be admitted to priesthood meetings, nor to any assembly of Church officers; is not to hold office in the Church nor in any of the auxiliary organizations; and is not entitled to partake of the Sacrament. Of these restrictions, the person should be specifically informed by the Bishop when the penalty of disfellowshipment is imposed.
An excommunicant is not a member of the Church, and has no claim to any rights or privileges therein.
The Right of Appeal.–If either party to a case duly tried in a Bishop’s Court is dissatisfied with the decision, and alleges that injustice has been done him, he may appeal to the Stake Presidency, who may bring the case for trial before the High Council. The intending appellant should give notice to the Bishop of his determination to take an appeal, directly following the rendering of the decision by the Bishop’s Court; and the Bishop will thereupon set a reasonable time limit within which the written appeal is to be presented to him. The appellant must specify the particulars as to error or unfairness in the trial, whereby injustice has been done him, as he alleges. Should he fail to perfect his appeal within the time set, the decision of the Bishop’s Court stands as rendered.
Upon receipt of the written appeal, the Bishop must at once give written notice to the Stake Presidency, and must forward without avoidable delay the record of all proceedings in the case.
The Stake Presidency will give prompt notification, in writing, to the Bishop as to the action taken on the appeal.
Citation.–The foregoing instructions as to the operation of the Bishop’s Court apply more particularly to the trial of individual cases in which one party accuses another on allegation of personal grievance. Besides such cases, there may be instances of wrong-doing, such as conduct violative of the law and order of the Church, teaching of false doctrine, disobedience to Church regulations and requirements, encouraging any or all such evils by example or by open or covert advice–in none of which is any one member of the Church personally injured or aggrieved more than others. It may be that no person comes forward as the accuser. Under these conditions, it is the duty of the Bishopric to appoint two or more men of discretion, who hold the Higher, or Melchizedek Priesthood, to investigate the respective case and to make accusation in due form if their findings so warrant.
However, in cases of reputed wrong-doing, wherein no accuser appears, the Bishopric should cite the alleged wrong-doer, as well as witnesses, to appear before the Bishop’s Court for investigation or trial. A convenient form of citation follows:
. . . .
Summoning of Witnesses.–In cases coming before the Bishop’s Court on citation, the Bishop may summon witnesses to appear and testify as to the knowledge in the matter. Also in cases between accuser and accused it may be necessary to issue summonses to witnesses. A convenient form follows.
. . . .
Contempt of Court.–Any member of the Church who refuses to appear, or without justifiable reasons neglects to appear before the Bishop’s Court at the place and time specified, after having been duly summoned or cited to appear, may be adjudged by the court as in contempt.
Any person who is before the court and refuses to answer questions put by, or sustained by the court as proper and relevant questions, pertaining to the case on trial, may be adjudged by the court as in contempt.
Any Church member who openly manifests disrespect toward the court or the proceedings thereof, in any disorderly manner tending to interrupt or impede the proper procedure of the court, may be adjudged by the court as in contempt.
For contempt as above specified, the Bishop’s Court may impose discipline ranging from reproof or reprimand to disfellowshipment or excommunication within the limitations specified under ‘The Penalty,’ page 48.
Change of Venue.–If either party to a case set for trial in a Bishop’s Court objects to the personnel of the court, he must present his objections, together with an adequate statement of reasons therefor, in writing to the Bishop, who will forthwith report the matter to the Stake Presidency. It is within the power of the Stake Presidency, if they deem the reasons set forth by the objector to be real and sufficient, to transfer the case to some other Bishopric within the stake, for hearing and decision. Under direction of the Stake Presidency, the High Council may assume original jurisdiction in such cases, as in any others arising in the wards of the stake.
Removal of Penalties.–Disfellowshipment may be terminated, and the person concerned be restored to fellowship in the Church, on evidence of sincere repentance and full compliance with the conditions imposed, only by action of the tribunal that dealt with the case or by that of a tribunal having superior jurisdiction. In every instance of application for restoration, after disfellowshipment by a Bishop’s Court, the approval of the respective Stake Presidency must be obtained.
No Bishop is empowered to authorize readmission into the Church by baptism of any person who has been excommunicated, until the tribunal that dealt with the case of the said person, or a tribunal of superior jurisdiction, has considered and favorably acted upon the application. Every application for readmission to the Church, presented to a Bishop, must be promptly brought by him to the attention of his Stake Presidency, whose instructions in the matter the Bishop will follow.”
(Instructions to Bishops and Counselors, Stake and Ward Clerks, No. 13, 1921, pp. 43-54)
Procedures for adopted children.
“Where children have been adopted through legal proceedings of a regularly established Court, the child should bear the name of its adopted parents, but in recording its name on the ward record, there should be added to it its real surname, the last name being its adopted name. In the instance of children not adopted by process of law, they should be baptized and recorded in their own family name.” (Instructions to Bishops and Counselors, Stake and Ward Clerks, No. 13, 1921, pp. 54-55)
1923: 2nd Edition of #13.
Stronger emphasis on adult non-MP meeting together.
“When persons have grown to manhood without having been advanced in the priesthood, they should be permitted to meet with one of the quorums of the Melchizedek Priesthood and thus be encouraged to attend the priesthood meetings, until such time as their good works justify their advancement; or still better may be grouped into a separate class or quorum and placed in charge of a capable instructor.” [“still better” added to 1921 edition.] (Instructions to Bishops and Counselors, Stake and Ward Clerks, No. 13, Second Edition, 1923, p. 13)
Addition to Priest job description.
All duties listed in No. 13 (1921) were repeated in No. 13, 2nd edition (1923), and one was added: “to help bishopric with wayward boys.” (Instructions to Bishops and Counselors, Stake and Ward Clerks, No. 13, Second Edition, 1923, p. 14)